Without even reading the article, in a quick read down the lighthouse, we had entered into an argument, so committed, even if not fully documented the immense potential of the wireless system.
With digital divide (DD) is defined as the gap between who has access to new technologies and who's not. The causes are currently under study, However, there is a consensus in recognizing that the economic conditions, education, and in many countries, the lack of infrastructure are the main reasons for exclusion.
Definition
was used initially by the U.S. administration to show the Clinton-Gore inconsistent use of telematic services between the U.S. population.
Today it is more common to define a global perspective. As part of the network society, the causes of such gaps are to be found in different socio-economic factors.
The Digital Divide can be attributed to a number of causes:
the lack of broadband infrastructure;
the illiteracy of the people (computer / Internet). The Digital Divide
could not only increase the already existing inequalities in the economic, but also in access to information have dramatic effects, implying further consequences. To bridge the Digital Divide trashware witness the so-called), often employing the use of free software.
The Digital Divide is still key issue in the first Summit on the Information Society organized by the United Nations. Despite expectations, however, the Summit has not delivered tangible results.
One of the causes of the Digital Divide is widely shared economic in nature. A vicious circle is created leads to further impoverishment of poor countries, since which are further excluded from new forms of wealth creation, based on intangibles information.
The problem, of course inherent in the new global economic system, it can be fought through various initiatives aimed at disseminating knowledge and infrastructure. There are many initiatives in this direction.
In October 1998, at the Global Village, held a seminar on the Digital Divide in India, is composed of the Bangalore Declaration on Information Technology for developing countries.
Here was theorized to create a low-cost computers, not based on written language as visual, allowing, through the Internet connection, to create the means and the necessary culture to the emergence of online activities for markets in need.
A group of Indian economists and computer, under the leadership of the Indian Institute for Informatics and Automation, and the important industry Encore Software Ltd (based in Bangalore), create the Simputer Trust, an association that in order to achieve this kind of computer system: the Simputer was born in three years.
Health Network coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), aims to provide valuable assistance to health care problems in developing countries, exploiting the enormous potential offered by new technologies in this field. The aim is to promote access to medical information and updated health by developing specific programs for individual states or groups of nations.
Service for Technology and Information.
active service dall'UNITeS aims instead to create a corps of volunteers and experts from around the world, able to put their skills to developing countries in order to help them to fully enjoy the digital revolution. Volunteers are therefore the main protagonists of this program is designed to train groups of people on the uses and purposes of information technology, is to urge the establishment of more digital bodies in North and South. The area of \u200b\u200bintervention is very broad, embracing every field of human development.
Italian Plan The Plan of the Italian government considers the transition towards an Information Society as a strategic priority, based on the assumption that trends in the development and adoption of new information and communication technologies (ICT) are largely spontaneous and decentralized
The Educational Technology Development Programme 1997-2000 had essentially three objectives: 1
. Promote mastery of multimedia;
2. Enhancing the effectiveness of the teaching-learning processes and the organization of teaching;
3. Increase the professionalism of teachers.
Italian ADSL coverage and the digital divide
According to many scholars, in Italy the digital divide is manifested in the exclusion of millions of people from a fast internet connection provided by DSL technology, also known as broadband.
coverage of the Italian territory with Internet access at speeds of up to 1 megabit / sec. remains below the European average (95% of the UK, over 90% in France) and in states with a larger territory of Italy and a lower population density and thus more small towns to be covered.
Japan is the country that holds the record of broadband achieved in terms of speed, user charges, percentage of land covered. The result was achieved with a mix of technologies, primarily fiber optics and wireless, and with a direct and massive intervention by the state.
In France and the United Kingdom, this level of coverage is largely due to widespread use of wireless technologies to serve rural areas where the power station would be far too many homes to offer DSL service.
Also in Italy with links via wireless would be possible to cover a total area
According to many operators in the telecommunications industry, broadband is a key strategic importance for the recovery of competitiveness Italian companies, as the creation of a network of motorway and rail transport more efficient.
The recent availability of WiMAX technology could help solve the digital divide Italian.
palliatives of the Italian market
technologies available in the Italian market are penalized, and not even comparable to the quality of cable broadband. These "technologies" are one-way satellite connection and UMTS, USB modem or mobile phone. This introduces a second type of digital divide, including:
areas served by a stable and affordable broadband access, cable (twisted pair and fiber optic);
places where citizens can only choose from a slow connection at 56 K, the satellite dish or UMTS connections. These connections cost on average between 25 and 40 euro a month, but even a level of service comparable to that of cable broadband.
speed in terms of megabytes per second is not the only relevant parameter.
Compared to a wired high-speed:
speed slows down not only because of network congestion and for operators are overbooked, but for the weather. The slowing down of speed depend on these factors, besides the number of connected users.
the connection can be aborted: The connection, however, may slow as be, it never really stops the connection, the download.
eEurope 2002
But the problem does not arise only with regard to third world countries, most often the gap is also noticeable only between neighboring regions within the same nation.
lines of measures envisaged in the European Plan are aimed at achieving three objectives: 1
. make a cheaper, faster and secure Internet;
2. encourage the participation of all knowledge-based economy;
3. promote the use of the Internet, even in public administration and services, accelerating digital content for global networks. The initiative
e-form:
This initiative launched to create ways and means of ICT in education and information through a strong alliance of University of Southern with business organizations and representatives of the professions.
The training program includes a series of interventions that will address all the training systems. The first phase of activity is the form of e-Tone Project (Towards the New Economy), which provides guidance and training designed to convert undergraduate and graduate students not currently employed or employed in the professions of the new economy.
Projects Anti Digital Divide of the Politecnico di Milano
A number of initiatives were launched in anti DD from Politecnico di Milano via METID Centre, STMicroelectronics Foundation and the NGO MLFM. These projects aimed at bypassing the DD geographically, with operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Ethiopia and Uganda to spread the use of ICT in developing countries. The objectives are:
promote the democratic process through the access of students and remote communities to information and communication;
the creation of local skills in ICT;
creating self-sustaining economic activities.
E-learning platform developed by Eduafrica METID and collaboration with SIGNIS, a provider of satellite connectivity (VSAT) to enable the training and the distance between the METID five active projects.
Vision Critical
Global Inclusion and openness are qualities that have fueled the myth of the democratic and egalitarian network that can bridge the geographic and social distances between people. This may be partly true, in fact, ICT has accelerated the process of economic globalization and it has favored the creation of a system in which the production and sale of goods are increasingly linked to the region and increasingly tied to the integration of telematics and workers consumers. The democratic vocation of the Internet would seem to be confirmed even in fast growth, unprecedented in the history of media.
In 1993 Internet users were less than 90 000. Since then, the global computer network has been an explosive growth in 2001 and reached over 550 million users worldwide. Nor
the American masters of the Internet five times higher in Western Europe with more than 60% of people connected to the Net, and is exceeded only by Scandinavia. It is not just a supposed superiority derived from the percentage of population having the opportunity to sail but it is a figure which includes the number of sites, servers and providers of Internet connections, and then the degree of active control of the country in these sectors. The new economy employs more than three million workers and has a growth rate higher than the traditional economy in its complesso.In this way, even to reinvigorate the process of cultural colonization that the U.S. has begun again in the 50s.
and in January 2000 that the digital divide is no longer a problem only American to become a problem on the planet. It is certainly worrying that to put the issue more pressing are the leaders of some large corporations at a meeting of the propagation of the symbol of the globalization thesis married to a free market.
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